Contamination Of Water Resources By Hydraulic Fracturing Operations In Marcellus Shale
Contamination Of Water Resources By Hydraulic Fracturing Operations In Conjunction With The Development Of Natural Gas From The Marcellus Shale in New York State
by Wilma Subra
LEAN Technical Advisor
Subra Company
Protection of Quantities of Surface Water and Groundwater Resources
Hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus Shale requires large quantities of water. Vertical wells require in excess of one million gallons per fracturing event. Horizontal wells require more the three million gallons of water for each fracturing event. The water resources needed for fracturing come from surface water resources and/or groundwater resources. The use of surface water resources frequently impact the hydrology of the surface water bodies.
LADEQ Allowing Discharge Of Toxic Oil And Gas Waste Into Gulf
Produced Waters
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated by oil and gas facilities, and has been found to be toxic to aquatic organisms and hazardous to human health. The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality is proposing to allow the discharge of this material directly into the waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
Under
the proposed water discharge permit LAG260000, oil and gas companies
would be allowed to discharge produced water and other waste streams
into Louisiana territorial seas.
Download the White Paper on Produced Water